New Green Building at Yale

Kroon Hall is the new home for the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. It is a truly sustainable building: a showcase of the latest developments in green building technology. The most interesting part to me is the rainwater harvesting system and cleansing pond outside the building (photo to the left).

The Sustainable/Climate Neutral features include:

•Demolition and construction waste was recycled
•Geothermal benefit from the underground placement of the north side of the lowest level
•Solar heat gain in winter and natural lighting year round along the long unobstructed south-facing wall
•Rooftop solar panels facing south
•Solar hot water heaters
•Geothermal energy system
•Natural light and ventilation
•Natural light is augmented with artificial light to maintain a constant lighting level; the latter is also controlled by sensors that shut off automatically if no one is present
•Manually operable windows utilize natural air circulation
•Green construction materials including “thermally inactive” concrete and low-E glass and insulation, waterless urinals and low-impact paint
•Recycled, recyclable, sustainably harvested or manufactured nontoxic materials
•Sustainably harvested wood
•Exterior stone quarried within 500 miles of campus
•Rainwater harvesting system and cleansing pond

The pond pictured above is an integral portion of a rain water re-use system which is part of the Kroon Hall project. The system collects runoff from the building's roof and from portions of the grounds. Once collected, the water is held in a settling tank which allows the majority of the sediment to settle out. From there, the water is moved to a storage tank, combined with any excess water from the geothermal wells, and slowly recirculated through the surface treatment pond (shown above). The pond employs aquatic plants to further cleanse the water, while also providing an enjoyable and relaxing area for the whole community. Finally, after the water is filtered and disenfected, it can be used for toilet flushing in the building, and for landscape irrigation.

My album contains additional photos on exterior as well as interior of the building.

Info credit: Yale website

ANNOUNCEMENT: Henry Hudson New Generation Water Competition

Henry Hudson 400 Foundation invites undergraduates, including 2009 graduates, in marine and environmental studies, engineering, oceanography, urban design and planning, policy planning, public health, and any other related major to submit proposals on the topic Sustainability for Coastal Cities. See below for details.

• Topic: Sustainability for Coastal Cities
• Instructions: Submit a one-page description of an innovative solution to the challenges of Sustainability for Coastal Cities.
• For more information and application: http://www.henryhudson400.com/hh400_project.php?id=32
• Deadline May 29, 2009

Winners receive
• Cash prizes
• Internships at major companies
• All expenses paid invitation to international H209 Forum on September 9-10 at Liberty Science Center.
• Awards presented by Prince of Orange of The Netherlands, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., members of Obama’s environmental team, and top NY/NJ officials.

New Generation Competition is the centerpiece of the H209 Forum for business leaders, policy and decision makers, and environmental and planning experts. H209 Forum celebrates the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson’s pioneering voyage that led to the settlement of what is now New York City. For more information, visit www.henryhudson400.com

I was asked by the organizer to help publicize the competition.

A Very High Sewer Fee

I recently received a sewer bill from my township and my household was charged an annual fee of approximately one thousand dollars! Could it be called the "money down the drain?"

Township of Montgomery, New Jersey has just instituted a new usage-based sewer fee schedule. I applaud the township's change that would provide fairness as well as encourage water conservation.

But the expensive part of the sewer service also caught my attention. The sewer fee is being calculated by the township as follows:

Base Fee = $200 per unit

Usage Fee = $6.88 per ccf* of water used

* 1 ccf per year = 100 cubic feet of water per year = 2.05 gallons per day

For example, if 50 gallons of water is used per person per day (in winter and spring seasons), the annual sewer fee for a household of 4 would be 871 dollars.

Mayor Louis Wilson, quoted in an article published in the February 10, 2009 edition of Montgomery News, provided two explanations for why the sewer fee is so high in the township:

(1) The township owns and operates eight small sewage treatment plants, and thus there is no economy of scale that we could get by being part of a regional sewer system.

(2) Our plants discharge into local streams and brooks rather than into a larger river, and thus they must meet a very high water quality standard for the (treatment plant) effluent.

The Mayor's explanations seem to be reasonable.

The township population was only 23,023 based on the 2007 census estimate. That is, each treatment plant, in average, is serving a community of less than 3,000 people. Average capacity of the treatment plants is probably only about 0.2 million gallons per day (MGD), while capacity of a regional treatment plant would be from tens to hundreds MGD. According to a State of Wisconsin survey, the sewer fee for small communities (population less than 2,000) is approximately twice that for large communities (population greater than 50,000).

With an average household of $840, the sewer fee charged by Montgomery Township is actually not extremely high in comparison to other small communities in the US.

Nevertheless, I need to start checking how my family could consume less water and finding out how the township could reduce the treatment costs, if possible at all. To reduce the treatment costs, control of specific pollutant sources as well as use of innovative technologies could be explored. Although the efforts would be good for the environment, I do not expect significant savings since the township would need to operate and maintain the same infrastructure.

Credit: The image above of "Pike Brook (Sewage) Treatment Plant" was located and cropped from Virtual Earth.

My album contains additional photos of the Pike Brook Sewage Treatment Plant and its effluent receiving water.

Dye the Chicago River Green

In celebration of Saint Patrick's Day, the Chicago River has been turned green for about a day for the past 40 years.

On February 14, forty (40) pounds of vegetable-based, non-toxic dye was poured into the Chicago River in downtown Chicago, turning the water green. The green color would typically last for about a day, depending on the flow conditions. By the way, the exact dye ingredients remain a secret.

I think it is a lot of fun, and it is great that residents are enjoying their river!

Photo credit: Xinhua News Agency (Hu Guangyao)

Info source: www.greenchicagoriver.com

NJ's Somerset County Flood Information System and NWS' Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center: In Action to Notify and Project Local Flooding

I knew it had been raining since yesterday, but was the bridge (that I normally drove across to work) closed?

I opened my e-mail, and found a message, sent by Somerset County, New Jersey early this morning at 5:03 AM, notifying me that the bridge had been closed. Per suggestion of Mr. Carl Andreassen, the Principal Hydraulic Engineer for the County, I signed up for this
e-mail notification service about a month ago, and this is the first flood-related notification that I received.

Whenever the river level/stage rises up to seven (7) feet, the action stage, the police will be dispatched by the emergency services to close the bridge. The flood stage at this location is nine (9) ft. That is, the bridge will not actually be flooded until the water level reaches 9 ft. There is a stream gauge located close to the bridge; its measured water level is transmitted to the Somerset County Flood Information System via a satellite transmitter as well as a phone line, as a direct connection. The stream gauge is operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. See the picture for the actually measured water level, as indicated by the blue line.

The National Weather Service (NWS)'s Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center, via NWS' Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS), go further to project what the water level might actually approach. See the picture for the predicted water level, as indicate by the dotted green line.

According to the NWS' AHPS prediction, the bridge would remain closed through the evening during my commute home. Of course, I can check the actually measured water level right before I leave my office. I can also assume the bridge would remain closed until a further e-mail notice, a bridge re-opening notice, from Somerset County.

It is nice to live in the information age!

Credit: The image above was made from the NWS's MARFC website.

My presentation contains additional info on flood forecast and warning as well as other aspects of urban flood management.

Water Main Bursts in Franklin Township, New Jersey

In the late morning of November 18, 2008, a 60-inch water main broke in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. The burst had a ripple effect on 100,000 customers in Somerset, Middlesex and Union counties, prompting officials to close schools and residents to boil water. (Both my home and office were affected.)

Complaints ranged from low water pressure to no water at all in 18 towns, said Richard Barnes, a spokesman for New Jersey American Water. As a precaution, the utility issued a boil water advisory.

The rushing water eroded the earth underneath the road, washing away part of Weston canal Road. Water gushed into the Delaware and Raritan Canal. (See the picture.)

The main is a major pipeline for transmission of water, and was first installed in 1958.

Although the cause of the break is still under investigation, this incident again highlights the urgent need for condition monitoring and rehabilitation of the nation's water infrastructure.

(Info Source: The Star-Ledger. Photo Credit: Ed Pagliarini, MyCentralJersey.Com)

Hurricane Gustav on News Orleans: A Narrow Miss

Gustav has made the landfall near Cocodrie, Louisiana, 72 miles southwest of New Orleans, as a category 2 hurricane. New Orleans has avoided a direct hit, what a relief!

Map to the left shows the levee system to protect New Orleans. The levee system was breached at numerous locations during Hurricane Katrina (category 3) three years ago. The levee system has since been repaired to or beyond the pre-Katrina protection level. However, the levee system planned by the US Army Corps of Engineers to protect the city from a "100-year storm" is still being re-built or newly constructed and will not be completed by 2011.

It should be pointed out that the strength (height and speed) of a surge at a specific location depends on the approaching angle of the hurricane as well as the type and length of the channel that the initial surge would have to travel through, not just the category number. Highly sophisticated computer models are available and can be used to forecast the flood level more accurately.

I applaud the coordinated efforts by Federal, State, and local authorities to successfully inform and evacuate residents in advance. Forecasting the flood level is not yet an exact science, but it is better to be safe than sorry.

For Gustav, the surge water has now entered the city canals, and some water is splashing over the top of the Industrial Canal (the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal on the map). May the levee system in New Orleans continue to hold and the water drainage/pumping system continue to function to minimize the property damages!

(Source of Map: 2006 Report by the US Army Corps of Engineers)